Zaozerye village
ZAOZERYE is a village in the Uglichsky district of the Yaroslavl region. It has been known since the 15th century. The first mention dates back to 1483 in a letter from the last Tver prince Mikhail Borisovich, according to which he transferred the lands of the Verkhnyaya Zhabnya parish to the Trinity Kalyazinsky Monastery. The description of the boundaries of this land mentions the road to Zaozerye. At the beginning of the 20th century, the village claimed the status of a city, which it never received. By the beginning of the 20th century, the village had a large number of stone buildings (even now there are about 13 preserved), there were 2 temples (the central temple could accommodate up to 4,000 worshippers), 1 tannery, about 50 forges, countless catering establishments and shops. In addition, there were 2 schools (parish and zemstvo), a library – reading room and a bookstore. It had its own zemstvo council and volost court.
Not only merchants were engaged in trade in the village, but also a special artel of dealers – "mayaks" (from the word "loom" – to run). They had their own scheme of buying canvas and selling goods at other bazaars. In addition, there were their own names of money and the designations of some words "khantai" (run), "uglit" (cheat), "ekimary" (20 kopecks), "ikan" (kopeck), "maroshnik" (10 kopecks).
The plans included the construction of the Sergiev Posad–Uglich railway, and the pre-revolutionary railway station in Trekhselishche (Sergiev Posad district) remained from this project.
Zaozerye is associated with the name of Saltykov – Shchedrin – the village is dedicated to the chapter in the "Poshekhonsky antiquity" "Zabolotye" (although the village is called "Zaozerye", but the writer traveled here from his dad's estate from Spas – Corner from the side of the big swamp). In his work "Gentlemen Golovlevs", the famous satirical writer describes the case of the acquisition of the village by Mrs. Golovleva, which is very similar to the fact of the acquisition of Zaozerye by the writer's mother Olga Mikhailovna. In addition, some toponyms in his works have remained unchanged, for example, the village of "Fox Pits" really exists. Some researchers of the writer's biography claim that the Zaozersky parish priest taught the writer to read and write when he was visiting his mother in the summer, and he took the pseudonym Shchedrin from a local peasant who had that last name (by the way, there are still Shchedrins in Zaozerye).
The owners of Zaozerye at various times were famous noble families: Roslavlevs, de Kensons, Odoevskys, Saltykovs, Volkonskys. The name of the main street of the village, Volkhonka, is also associated with the Volkonskys. The Princes of Volkonsky themselves did not come here, but their office was located on the street, where the estate manager was located. The history of the church and the bell tower of the village is also connected with the name of the Volkonskys. The bell tower was built in 1770, but its lower tier has been preserved from the old building of 1730. A chapel was built in it in honor of the Holy Martyr Sophia and her daughters Vera, Nadezhda and Lyubov. It was built by Princess Sofia Semyonovna Volkonskaya in memory of her daughter, who died in 1769 while riding horses. The bell tower is popularly called "Sofiyka".
At the beginning of the 20th century, it was one of the largest villages in the Yaroslavl province. The village had 6 inns, up to a dozen inns, about fifty shops and shops. Zaozertsy also contributed to the development of Russian culture. The natives of the village were: the creator and organizer of the Hermitage Theater and Garden, Yakov Shchukin, the satirical writer M. E. Saltykov–Shchedrin, the artists the Lernev-Shchukin brothers, Soviet actors Nikolai and Vladimir Batalov, and others.
Attractions.
The Zaozerskie Mayaki Museum of Merchant Enterprise is located in the building where the Zemstvo Board, the library-reading room and the volost court were located before the revolution.
The building of the former zemstvo school, opened in 1866, is still used for the needs of the school.
The merchant's wooden mansion, which is known online as the "House with Pikes" (1860), belonged to a local merchant, U. Roskova, who ran a bakery next door to her house.
On the adjacent street to the mansion "House with pikes", there is another one – the house of the merchant A. Orekhov (a two-story stone building with a balcony).
Kazan Church (monument of federal significance), built in 1730; stone chapel (1894-1895), which replaced a dilapidated wooden one and was built in memory of Alexander III's escape from danger in a train wreck in 1888; former parish school (monument of regional significance) - a two–story stone structure built in 1896; 3 houses The parish church (built in 1883), identical in plan with a stone bottom and a wooden top, form a unique ensemble in the center of the village.
The skeleton of the tall bell tower, the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1837), has been preserved in the rural cemetery. It is known that after the consecration of the temple, lunch was given in the garden of the Saltykovs.
In the center of the village, namely on the market square, there are also several monuments of regional significance: Ermolaev's shop and restaurant from 1911 and Opolovnin's shop and restaurant (late 19th century). Currently, the village library and club are located here.
The two-storey stone house of the merchant Onoshin (a monument of regional significance, the end of the XIX century), who was engaged in the sale of canvas and had a share in the trading house "Orekhov and Bolshakin" is located on 1st Kuznechnaya Street. On the same street there is a wooden manager's house (a monument of regional significance, the end of the 19th century) and a two–story stone mansion - the house of the Zhegalov brothers.
There is also a fire station in the center of the village (a monument of regional significance, 1904) with an observation tower, which is still used for its intended purpose. Before the revolution, in addition to direct use, it was also rented out for concerts, performances and performances by visiting artists, as it accommodated quite a lot of people.
On the adjacent street from the fire station there is a stone two-storey mansion (presumably the house of the merchant Guschin), in which a pharmacist (a specialist with higher pharmaceutical education) Moisey Zeldovich opened a pharmacy in 1888.
On the main street of the village, Volkhonka, there are several buildings dating back to the imperial period. 1. The two-storey wooden mansion of the blacksmith and the owner of the shop of forged products A. Vyakhirev. 2. The house of the coachman Okrosin (stone bottom, wooden top). 3. The building where the inn used to be located (a stone two-story building), on which pilasters with flutes are unusual for the village decoration. 4. The one-story stone house of N. Selyanin, who kept a rent-a-cellar, and his son lived in St. Petersburg and was the owner of a tavern called Zaozerye. 5. The largest building in the village, unfortunately, is now abandoned – the house of a merchant (Chekunov – presumably), which had a bookstore, and in Soviet times the children of besieged Leningrad lived. Next to it there is also the skeleton of a stone building with a gable roof, presumably used as a warehouse. 6. The Alexandrovskaya Almshouse (a monument of regional significance) was opened in 1892 in memory of the liberation of peasants from serfdom by Alexander II, therefore it is called Alexandrovskaya. 7. The wooden modernist house of A. Chekunov, which now houses the school library and the school museum "Shards". 8. One-storey stone building, merchant Potapov's house is used for children studying at the Zaozersk Secondary School, from Monday to Friday.
In addition, the village's communications center and post office are located in a building that was given over to the needs of the telegraph by merchant Orekhov (in 1878), and soon a savings bank was opened there. Negotiations are currently underway to arrange an exhibition dedicated to the "Zaozersk letters" recently found in the attic of the post office. All of them were built in this building from 1928 to early 1929.
The building of the dye house of the former Tannery of the Orekhov and Bolshakin trading house, which was originally one-story with a gable roof, has also been preserved, but the owners added a second floor.
Summing up, we can say that at the moment there are 8 cultural monuments in the village, 7 of which are of regional significance and 1 Federal. In addition, the remaining historical sites belong to newly identified monuments. Of these, there are 14 two-storey and 4 single-storey buildings.
